The MQL technology in green cutting

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The field is created in machinery, cut (grind) the cutting liquid that in cutting treatment, uses machines efficiency and treatment quality to have main effect to rising, but cutting fluid is being made, use, each period that handle and discharge all can cause serious pollution to the environment, and after in treatment the process is finished, still can arise when attachment of fluid of cutting of surface of cleared spare parts so called " 2 effect " pollution. According to statistic, the use cost of cutting fluid is quite high, add in cost of cutting fluid and the charge of concerned equipment, specific power consumption, processing fee, artificial cost, upkeep and cost of raw materials the 7% ～ that achieved total production cost 17% , and the 2% ～ that charge of all cutting tool is total production cost only 4% . 1996, international standardized association to issue the ISO14000 series standard that administers about the environment, the country such as Germany, United States, Canada and Japan also makes a more strict industry discharge a standard in succession, restricted the use of cutting fluid further. Face reduce manufacturing cost, improvement produces condition and the demand that can expand pair of environmental protection continuously, more the pressure by force of concerned law, reasonable use production resource, litter pollution of little, environment is little, can have benign circulation " green is made " the main development trend that the technology is sure to be able to become 21 centuries create a field. People is searching the principle of 1 green processing technique and characteristic replace original cutting fluid pouring in process of green processing technique, had the attempt with beneficial many sided, innovation goes a variety of having representative cutting is lubricant and cooling technology) cold cutting of wind of refrigeration of fluid of biology stability cutting, sparge, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, low temperature, MQL and dry cutting. Set out from the angle of high grade, efficient, economy and environmental protection, afore-mentioned characteristics that all sorts of technologies have its oneself each and advantage. Fluid of stability of biology of 　 of fluid of biology stability cutting cutting relies on the specific part that contains in its recipe to prolong service life, after this content of specific ingredient is reduced (if discharge hind) do not have function of this kind of antibacterial, be decomposed very easily by biology institute, basic to human body and environment harmless. Fluid of biology stability cutting already fashioned series product in abroad, already pushed to Chinese market, be like fluid of cutting of series of ARAL of fluid of cutting of Mobilcut series water-solubility, Germany, England Jiashiduo the water-solubility cutting fluid of the company. Refrigeration of sparge of sparge refrigeration 　 is the mixture system that uses fluid of gas fluid two-phase with high pressure (3 ～ 6 atmosphere) the means eject of pulverization arrives treatment area, the particle grain of pulverization happens to change below the high temperature action of cutting area (vaporization) , absorb many heat in metal cutting. The petty droplet that carries in high speed air current permeates cutting easily to contact an area, those who improved cutting fluid is osmotic, reduced attrition and attrition heat, lubricant action is able to fill minute of play. Discharge bits problem to also be able to eliminate on different level with what cut bits to concern. Return leave out additionally the processing fee of cutting fluid, reduced environmental pollution. The medium that sparge refrigeration often uses has oil of water, emulsion, vegetable and animal oil to wait, apply with emulsion among them the widest. Cold cutting of wind of low temperature of 　 of microtherm wind cold cutting is to use - 10 ～ - the air cooling of 100 ℃ erodes strongly a kind of method that machines an area. It can drop the temperature that processes area, cutting tool and work equably significantly, restrain cutting tool effectively to wear away, raise cutting tool durability, improvement already machined treatment quality of the surface. If be in,minim lube furnishs in air cooling, improve the result more apparent. At present commonly used medium has air, nitrogen (place heats to need temperature and refrigeration of normal temperature nitrogen to require temperature to place after liquid nitrogen evaporates two kinds of means) with carbon dioxide (dry ice evaporates) etc. Refrigeration of liquid nitrogen of 　 of liquid nitrogen refrigeration machines a method to use liquid nitrogen to make workpiece, cutting tool or cutting area are in microtherm refrigeration condition to undertake cutting is machined, use the cold brittleness of material, make its are reduced in tenacity, the depart that cuts bits and work is finished below the circumstance that plasticity reduces. Doing cutting 　 to do cutting is to point to the technique that does not use cutting liquid in cutting treatment, a series of environments that it brings besides cutting fluid from the disappear on fountainhead are negative effect. Do Europe of cutting technology traceable, be in at present Western Europe each country also most be current. Company of American LeBlond Makino also has been developed be opposite with cutting tool of pottery and porcelain and CBN cutting tool cast-iron the 　 　 　 that undertakes high speed does cutting " red crescent moon " craft throws actual production, obtained good economic benefits. Carry out dry cutting, not be simple ground stop cutting fluid use, must want to be opposite include machine tool, work especially cutting tool inside whole machining complex has comprehensive consideration. All sorts of new-style cutting tool that appear at present (the cutting tool that includes to use advanced data, cutting tool that undertakes coating is handled and the cutting tool that optimize geometrical parameter and structure) it is those who do cutting to carry out offerred strong assurance. The research of property of cutting tool material also very be necessary, actually, will tell to cutting tool of pottery and porcelain, because did cutting to reduce thermal shock and the likelihood that heat up exhaustion, its machine the effect often excel is common wet cutting. The application of dry cutting is more successful on cast-iron material, but its limits still is not very extensive, also be to the dry cutting of steel and difficult treatment material in research. Technology of MQL of 　 of MQL 　 is to will compress gas and infinitesimal lubricating fluid to mix vaporization hind, eject arrives treatment area, to the treatment between cutting tool and workpiece place undertakes lubricating effectively. Be in Germany, because whether people has cooling function to return the difference on existence opinion at the same time to it, and say respectively lubricate for minim and minim is lubricant and cooling. MQL can decrease greatly " cutting tool - workpiece " and " cutting tool - cut bits " the attrition between, rise to restrain temperature rise, reduce cutting tool to wear away, prevent adhesion and the function that improve workpiece to machine quality, use lubricating fluid is very few, and the effect is very distinct however, improved work efficiency already, won't cause pollution to the environment again. The lubricating fluid dosage that MQL law place uses is very little, it is commonly 0.

03 ～ 0.

2L/h, and when a typical machining center is undertaking wet cutting, cutting fluid dosage is as high as 20 ～ 100L/min. And MQL technology should be used only proper, the cutting tool after treatment, workpiece and cutting bits is dry, avoided the processing of later period, cleanness is compressed with the clean course that cut bits still can reclaim use, do not pollute an environment completely, friend says again do type cutting to allow. The technology of MQL of proof of experiment of research current situation of 2 MQL differs in cutting fluid the processability that expression of the place below method of material of sort and dosage, different treatment, different cutting tool, different treatment and different treatment parameter comes out can be. When the MQL cutting 　 of aluminium alloy employs aluminium alloy of milling of MQL technology high speed, life of its cutting tool but with pouring cutting comparatives. And in oily mist lubricant condition falls, the material conglutinate on cutting tool is very few. With the vegetable oil of 20ml/h dosage gets the experimental result that cuts aluminium alloy to make clear, below circumstance of low speed, low feed, MQL photograph is compared pouring cutting effect wants all but; Cutting higher fast, below taller feed, the effect of MQL should be compared pouring cutting is close friends. Common steel MQL cutting 　 the plant oily dosage with 30ml/h when milling S45C steel, cutting fast for 750m/min the following circumstance falls, the photograph is more pouring than the tradition cutting, MQL is very advantageous to restraining cutting tool to wear away. When 750m/min, increase plant oily dosage gradually to 30ml/h, discover cutting tool wears away the state is improved as the accretion of dosage, if continue to increase plant oily dosage, do not have more help however to restraining cutting tool to wear away. Above of additional explicit 750m/min is cut fast when, cutting tool wears away rapid aggravate, the effect of MQL is very not ideal. With 8.

The viscosity of BP CILORA 128(of 5ml/h is taller) cutting fluid dosage when steel of milling ASSAB 718 HH, in low speed, low feed, low cut difficult situation, the photograph is more pouring than the tradition cutting, MQL technology reduced cutting force greatly, face of the knife after decreasing wears away, improved already machined exterior quality, avoided to cut bits to center thermal stress mediumly, reduced burr weight and length. With 9.

The oily dosage of some kind of water-solubility of 6ml/h is common when steel of speed turning S45C, MQL is restraining cutting tool to wear away, improve exterior surface roughness, control to accumulate bits tumour to generate the respect is achieved and traditional and pouring the standard with same cutting. If use,contain extremely the cutting fluid that approachs an agent, more lengthen cutting tool effectively to wear away. The oily dosage of some kind of water-solubility with 200ml/h is common when speed turning medium carbon steel, the result makes clear, below circumstance of low speed, tall feed, MQL photograph is compared pouring cutting is close friends. It reduced cutting force and feed force not only, also reduced the metabolic scope of cutting force, reduced what cutting tool causes as a result of vibration when cutting to wear away thereby. Already machined exterior quality to get ameliorative, the ply that cuts bits also is compared pouring the ply cutting bits below cutting is big. Be united in wedlock with MQL technology and photograph of coating cutting tool, can obtain best use result. When broach of coating of use high-speed steel processes X90GrMoV18 alloy steel, machine a diameter 8.

The via of 5mm, long 25mm, cut fast for 30m/min, feed speed is 0.

1mm/r. When undertaking working purely getting cutting with broach of TiAlN coating high-speed steel, get 3.

The broach after the cutting length of 5m is damaged; Use (broach of TiAlN+MoS2) compound coating and the smallest when lubricating, auger cut length to increase 115m. The MQL cutting 　 of the difficult treatment material such as aluminium alloy of titanium alloy, tall silicon and stainless steel in the experiment with alloy of titanium of cutting of MQL technology high speed, cutting tool happening flakes badly reach cut bits to become angry. Demonstrative minim is lubricant alloy of titanium of material of difficult treatment of high speed cutting and tradition are pouring cutting photograph is compared or have certain difference. With wind of MQL union low temperature cold technology cutting machines the experiment of spare parts of Gao Gui aluminium alloy and stainless steel to make clear as a result, this kind of method can prolong the service life of cutting tool, can restrain the generation of the tumour that accumulate bits, raise treatment surface precision, but leave out waste liquid and waste liquid processing system, reduce manufacturing cost, prevent environmental pollution. Combine water mist with MQL (cooling) compound sparge is lubricant and cooling the experimental result of successive turning stainless steel demonstrates the method, this kind of method can be in the successive cutting with cutting lubricant and difficult area effective play action, can rise to already machined exterior quality to reduce a tool to wear away. And the dosage of mist adjusts mist of the oil in can passing change sparge and water to lubricate and cool at any time the effect. The actual application of 3 MQL is current, the treatment object of MQL technology advocate if cast-iron, steel and aluminium alloy are aspirant,Kong He tap machines travel bore, bore with a reamer, and deep Kong Zuan cuts the end panel milling with aluminium alloy to wait. Tbyssen company of the United States will be lubricant the system is compositive in main shaft, its discharge by CNC programme controll, this unit is in 6.

Can get inside 5s time cut 10 diameters 8mm, center to be apart from the aperture that is 20mm, use a cup of lubricating oil hourly, and be evaporated for the most part, content of juice of the cutting in cutting bits decreases greatly, because this processes charge,reduce considerably. A.

B of automobile manufacturing industry.

C of course of study of car a replacement.

D of machine tool manufacturing industry.

Handicraft industry E.

Other industry F.

High speed machines milling machine G.

Machining center H.

Private plane I.

K of common machine tool.

Other machine tool pursues the applied state with 1 lubricant minim is in Germany, MQL device has 15000 market every year in last few years (the 1) that be like a graph, and still will increase further. The union of MQL and new-style cutting tool is used also in the ascendant. Can forecast, in future inside 3 years two, the machining center lieutenant general that Germany creates has 5% to use MQL and union of photograph of lubricity coating cutting tool to replace pouring style is cool. The environment of 4 MQL and economic performance evaluation are in a lot of metal treatment, oily kind lubricant by intense the oil gas mist that pollution forms in workshop air after churning, lubricant is medium additive, microbial with other part pulverization hind as much likelihood by handlers inside inspiratory body, cause a harm to the respiratory system of human body, digestion, cause cancer possibly even; Additionally oily mist still can be in workshop upside forms a bur, bring a trouble to daily attention. Accordingly, research of pH indicator of particle of oily to the air that different treatment method creates mist is very necessary. Traditional and pouring chroma of oily mist particle is different in law and the air that MQL creates. American Cicinati university and Techsolve.

Inc.

The combination of the company studies the project undertook MQL is mixed pouring the air oily mist of the generation below cutting is atomic chroma contrast experiment, mix with 11ml/min respectively on machining center of Tongil TNV-80CNC vertical 6.

The dosage of 5l/min is right AISI/SAE 4340 steel undertook getting cutting mixing milling. The result makes clear, oily mist particle is generated in the air that issues MQL law to cause in inferior cutting speed and metallic excision rate rate (the atomic quantity of minutely generation) when cutting, be being gotten is traditional and pouring the 340 ～ of the law 3300 times; And its are when milling 100 ～ 140 times. Below higher rate and metallic excision rate, this specific value will be greater. Additional, the oily mist particle of different cutting fluid is generated leading also is different. Below coequal condition, the oily mist particle of pure synthesis fluid makes juice of cutting of water-solubility of rate far outclass, make workshop air oily even the level that mist chroma exceeds OSHA(Occupational Safety And HealthAdministration) of current United States and regulation of NIOSH(National Institute ForOccupational Safety And Health) . MQL photograph is more pouring than the tradition the dosage that cutting means can reduce cutting fluid greatly, avoided the processing of waste liquid, reduced finished cost (include cutting juice buy fare, store the) such as charge and fee of waste liquid processing, and can obtain below certain condition equal better even treatment performance. It is indicating people is in cast off a tradition pouring decisive one pace was stepped on the road that cutting machines. But it also is facing the challenge with inherent oneself, the stink that absolved place of traditional cutting fluid to cause in people namely, bacterium and enzymatic bacterium element that damages health while, caused mushroom of chroma of particle of treatment area oily mist however, caused adverse effect to environment and health likewise. Make an amount as a result of taller oily mist particle additionally, make must have on the machine tool that uses MQL to machine a method close, pump is ventilated and air is fresh establishment, to MQL treatment was brought additional cost. The studies 　 is current experiment research of the field of mechanism of problem MQL action that 5 MQL still treats thorough research basically is to be aimed at a few kinds of some a few kinds of material, different treatment methodological research, those who reach is local conclusion only, the uniformity of oily film when need discusses MQL cutting further, osmotic the rule with lubricant and cool performance and workpiece, cutting tool and the underlying law that cut bits to machine the essence below dosage of method, cutting to change in what differ. The optimization 　 that MQL lubricating fluid carries azimuth, outlet pressure and oily mist dosage is told commonly, gush law photograph is compared inside outside gush law can undertake to machining an area more rapid and effective lubricant, special agree with enclosed treatment, but cutting tool structure is more complex. To outside gush law, the oily quantity that oil pump exports, oily quantity with ejective nozzle and carrying the oily amount that has lubricant effect to cutting tool actually is different. Different nozzle position is more remarkable to influence of cutting tool tatty. The effectively nozzle azimuth in milling treatment is oily mist exit is cutting a point to cutting tool. This 3 person dosage combines different parameter to machine function to rising, reduce manufacturing cost, benefit has the problem of an optimization the integral effect at environmental protection, need does further thorough research. The method of MQL of research 　 　 that cold technology of wind of the MQL when material of difficult treatment of high speed cutting and new-style cutting tool, low temperature and union of technology of water mist refrigeration use can be offerred and pouring cutting comparatives better even lubricant performance, but its refrigeration effect fares badly however. A large number of quantity of heat that high speed cutting produces when difficult treatment material cannot drop off in time, make cutting temperature rapid elevatory, bring about lubricant lubricity can acuteness drop, processability can become poor. Accordingly, MQL technology combines the microtherm wind with new-style cutting tool and cool strong performance the development of technology of refrigeration of Leng Heshui mist studies the high speed treatment to difficult treatment material has great sense. Treatment parameter generates the influence 　 of rate to if cut,machine parameter to oily mist particle fast, cut appearance of geometry of material of deep, cutting tool, cutting tool, work the metropolis such as material is right oily mist is generated rate cause an effect. Be in for instance taller cut fast below, can produce higher cutting temperature, quicken cutting fluid thereby evaporate, bring about taller air oil to be spent mistily. The design that MQL oily mist produces device studies 　 machines an area different position oil spends mistily measure a result to show: A when oily mist particle arises in air main source is not treatment process, carry oily mist to arrive however the deferent process that machines an area. At present the MQL device of great majority is to use those who compress air to regard oily mist as deferent carrier, the stress that studies next accordingly will center Yu Wei to measure the design with oily deferent and unit mist to go up. The size that produces device to produce oily mist grain additionally and the influence with distributing to also have to machining function certain. The security of oily mist grain and the oily mist grain of the generation in defending the technology studies 　 is machined are less, wave more easily come loose in sky, by human body inspiratory. Already one of some methods that control grain size are add minim polymer, be like acrylic ester or get together different butene, make union of photograph of small drop of its and oily mist forms bigger, heavier grain, diffuse not easily in sky. To MQL method, the size that studies its produce oily mist grain deep and distributing, the defends the technology machines road to go up in green, economy to its development that controls its size and pH indicator measure and development to discharge oily mist to equip has greater sense. The numerous technology that cutting of green of 6 brief summary researchs to emerge in large numbers of the institute in the process comes out all is a kind of when produce kind to the tradition major innovation. Regard these technologies as one of medium main branch, MQL can reduce attrition greatly, restrain temperature rise, reduce cutting tool to wear away, prevent adhesion and raise workpiece to machine quality, use lubricating fluid is very few, the effect is very distinct however, improved work efficiency already, won't cause pollution to the environment again. MQL is sure to get more extensive attention and promotion as a result of the advantage of its oneself. CNC Milling